Ngā Whakapūmau Konutea Pāriuma mō te PVC Pakari me te Ngāwari Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Koe

Ko te polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tētahi o ngā pūmua tino maha ngā whakamahinga i roto i te umanga kirihou o te ao, e kitea ana tōna ara ki roto i ngā hua maha mai i ngā paipa hanga ki ngā roto motuka me ngā kiriata takai kai. Heoi, he hapa nui tēnei urutau: ko te kore pumau o te pāmahana. Ina pāngia e ngā pāmahana teitei e hiahiatia ana mō te tukatuka—ko te tikanga 160–200°C—ka pāngia te PVC e te tango-hauora-aunoa, ka tukuna te waikawa hauwaiora (HCl) ka whakaoho i tētahi tauhohenga mekameka e whakaiti ana i te rauemi. Ka puta tēnei whakaitinga hei tae-kore, hei pakarukaru, hei ngaronga o te kaha miihini, ka kore e taea te whakamahi i te hua whakamutunga. Hei whakatika i tēnei wero, kua noho ngā mea whakaū wera hei tāpiringa tino nui, ā, i roto i ēnei,Ngā Whakapūmau Konutea Pāriumakua puta ake hei huarahi pono, hei huarahi pai ake mō te taiao, hei whakakapi i ngā kōwhiringa paitini tuku iho pērā i ngā whakaū e ahu mai ana i te mata. I roto i tēnei aratohu, ka whakamāramahia e mātou he aha ngā Whakaū Konutea Barium, me pēhea te mahi, ō rātou āhua rerekē, me ō rātou whakamahinga motuhake i roto i ngā hanganga PVC pakari me ngā hanganga PVC ngāwari.

I te pūtake, ko ngā Pūmau Konutea Pāriuma (e kiia ana koWhakapūmau BaZni roto i te whakarāpopototanga ahumahi) he mea whakaranungā matū hopi whakarewa, i te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia mā te tauhohenga o te barium me te konutea ki ngā waikawa ngako mekameka-roa pērā i te waikawa stearic, te waikawa lauric rānei. Ko te mea e whai hua ai ēnei kaiwhakaū ko tā rātou mahi tahi - he mahi motuhake tā ia konganuku ki te ārai i te pirau PVC, ā, ko tā rātou whakakotahitanga ka wikitoria i ngā herenga o te whakamahi i tētahi o ngā konganuku anake. Ko te konutea, hei kaiwhakaū tuatahi, ka mahi tere ki te whakakapi i ngā ngota chlorine koretake i roto i te mekameka ngota PVC, ka hanga hanganga ester pumau e aukati ana i ngā wāhanga tuatahi o te pirau me te tiaki i te tae wawe o te rauemi. Ko te barium, i tetahi atu ringa, ka mahi hei kaiwhakaū tuarua mā te whakakore i te HCl i tukuna i te wā tukatuka. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea he whakakorikori te HCl mō te pirau atu, ā, ko te kaha o te barium ki te kohi i a ia ka ārai i te tere o te tauhohenga mekameka. Ki te kore tēnei hononga tahi, ka puta te konutea anake i te konutea konutea (ZnCl₂), he waikawa Lewis kaha e whakatairanga ana i te pirau - he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te "wera konutea" e puta ai te pango ohorere o te PVC i ngā pāmahana teitei. Ka whakakorea tēnei mōrearea e te mahi tango HCl a te Barium, ka hangaia he pūnaha taurite e whakarato ana i te pupuri tae tuatahi me te pumau wera mo te wa roa.

E rua ngā āhua matua e hangaia ana ngā Pūmau Konutea Pāriuma—he wai, he paura hoki—ia āhua i whakaritea kia rite ki ngā hiahia tukatuka me ngā hanganga PVC.Whakapūmau Ba Zn waikoia te whiringa rongonui mō ngā tono PVC ngāwari, nā te ngāwari o te whakaranu me te whakakotahitanga me ngā mea hanga kirihou. I te nuinga o te wā ka rewa ki roto i ngā waipiro ngako, i ngā mea hanga kirihou rānei pēnei i te DOP,ngā whakaū waiKa taea te whakauru pai ki ngā tukanga whakaputa, whakahāngai, me te whakatakoto maramataka, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā hua e hiahia ana ki te ngāwari me te mahi pumau. He painga anō hoki ēnei mō te tika o te horopeta me te rokiroki, nā te mea ka taea te papu me te penapena i roto i ngā tāke.Ngā Whakapūmau Konutea Pāriuma Paura, he rerekē, kua hangaia mō ngā taiao tukatuka maroke, ka whakauruhia ki te wā whakahiato o te hanga PVC pakari. He maha ngā wā ka whakaurua ki roto i ēnei whakatakotoranga maroke ētahi atu wāhanga pērā i ngā whakaū UV me ngā antioxidants, e whakarei ake ana i tō rātou whai huatanga mō ngā tono o waho mā te tiaki i te pirau wera me te UV. Ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i ngā momo wai me te paura ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo PVC (pakari me te ngāwari), te tikanga tukatuka, me ngā whakaritenga hua whakamutunga pērā i te mārama, te ātete huarere, me te iti o te kakara.

Hei mārama ki te mahi a ngā Pūmau Konutea Pāriuma i roto i ngā PVC pakari me ngā PVC ngāwari, me āta tirohia ngā hiahia motuhake o ia tono. Ko te PVC pakari, he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he pūmau kirihou, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā hua e hiahia ana kia mau te hanganga me te pakari—whakaarohia ngā kōtaha matapihi, ngā paipa wai, ngā paipa oneone me te waikeri, me ngā paipa pēhanga. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ēnei hua e ngā āhuatanga taiao kino, tae atu ki te rā, ngā rerekētanga pāmahana, me te makuku, nō reira me whakarato ā rātou pūmau i te pumau wera mō te wā roa me te ātete ki te huarere. He tino pai ngā Pūmau Konutea Pāriuma paura ki konei, nā te mea ka taea te hanga me ngā ārai UV hei ārai i te rerekētanga me te ngaronga o te kaha miihini i roto i te wā. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā paipa wai inu, ka whakakapia e ngā pūnaha pūmau Ba Zn ngā momo kē atu i runga i te mata hei whakatutuki i ngā ture haumaru me te pupuri tonu i te ātete o te paipa ki te waikura me te pēhanga. Ka whai hua ngā kōtaha matapihi i te kaha o te pūmau ki te pupuri i te ōritetanga o te tae, me te whakarite kia kore ngā kōtaha e kōwhai, e memeha rānei ahakoa kua maha ngā tau e pāngia ana e te rā.

Ko te PVC ngāwari, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mea hanga kirihou hei whakatutuki i te ngāwari o te whakangawari, e kapi ana i te whānuitanga o ngā hua, mai i te whakamarumaru taura me te papa ki ngā roto o te motuka, ngā uhi pakitara, me ngā ngongo ngāwari. Ko ngā Whakapūmau Konutea Pāriuma Wai te mea pai rawa atu i roto i ēnei tono nā te mea he hototahi ki ngā mea hanga kirihou me te ngāwari o te whakauru ki roto i te hanganga. Hei tauira, me whai ngā whakapūmau taura ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei o te extrusion me te whakarato i ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru hiko pai rawa atu. Ka tutuki i ngā pūnaha whakapūmau Ba Zn tēnei hiahia mā te aukati i te hekenga wera i te wā tukatuka me te whakarite kia noho ngāwari te whakamarumaru me te ātete ki te koroheketanga. I roto i ngā uhi papa me te pakitara—ina koa ko ngā momo pahuka—he maha ngā wā ka mahi ngā Whakapūmau Konutea Pāriuma hei whakaoho mō ngā kaihoko pupuhi, e āwhina ana ki te hanga i te hanganga pahuka e hiahiatia ana me te pupuri i te roa me te kaha o te rauemi ki te tā. Ko ngā roto o te motuka, pērā i ngā papaaho me ngā uhi nohoanga, e hiahia ana ki ngā whakapūmau iti-kakara, iti-VOC (pūhui waro mimiti) hei whakatutuki i ngā ture kounga hau tino kaha, ā, kua hangaia ngā hanganga whakapūmau Ba Zn wai hou hei whakatutuki i ēnei whakaritenga me te kore e whakararu i te mahi.

Hei aromatawai i te uara o ngā Barium Zinc Stabilizers, he mea āwhina te whakataurite i a rātou ki ētahi atu mea noa.Whakapūmau PVCmomo. E whakaatu ana te ripanga i raro nei i ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā whakaū Barium Zinc (Ba Zn), ngā whakaū Calcium Zinc (Ca Zn), me ngā whakaū Organotin—e toru o ngā kōwhiringa e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga:

E ai ki te ripanga, kei waenganui ngā Pūmau Konutea Pāriuma e whakataurite ana i te mahi, te utu, me te haumaru taiao. Ka eke ake rātou ki te taumata teitei ake i ngā pūmau wera o te Ca Zn, ā, he pai mō ngā tono e teitei ake ana te pāmahana tukatuka, e roa rānei te mau. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūmau Organotin, he otinga utu-pai ake tā rātou, me te kore e pāngia e te paitini e pā ana ki ētahi matū Organotin mekameka-poto. Nā tēnei taurite kua waiho ngā pūnaha pūmau Ba Zn hei whiringa rongonui i roto i ngā ahumahi e whai kaupapa matua ana te tutuki i ngā ture, te mahi, me te whai hua o te utu—mai i te hanga ki te hanga waka.

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi Pūmau Konutea Pāriuma mō tētahi tono PVC motuhake, he maha ngā āhuatanga ka whai wāhi mai. Tuatahi, ka taea te whakarerekē i te ōwehenga o te pāriuma ki te konutea kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia mahi motuhake: ko te nui ake o te pāriuma ka whakarei ake i te pumau wera mō te wā roa, ko te nui ake o te konutea ka whakapai ake i te pupuri tae tuatahi. Tuarua, he maha ngā wā ka tāpirihia ngā pūmau-tahi pērā i ngā matū epoxy, ngā antioxidants, me ngā phosphites hei whakapai ake i te mahi, inā koa i ngā tono o waho, i ngā tono ahotea nui rānei. Tuatoru, me whai whakaaro ki te hototahitanga me ētahi atu tāpiringa—tae atu ki ngā plasticizer, ngā whakakī, me ngā tae—kia kore ai te pūmau e pā kino ki ngā āhuatanga o te hua whakamutunga. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā kiriata ngāwari mārama, he mea nui te pūmau BaZn wai me ngā āhuatanga heke iti hei pupuri i te māramatanga.

I te tirohanga whakamua, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā Whakapūmau Konutea Barium i te mea kei te neke haere tonu te umanga PVC mai i ngā momo paitini ki ngā otinga pumau ake. Kei te haumi ngā kaihanga ki ngā hanganga hou e whakaiti ana i ngā tukunga VOC, e whakapai ake ana i te hototahitanga me ngā kirihou hangai-koiora, me te whakarei ake i te mahi i roto i te tukatuka pāmahana teitei. I roto i te rāngai hanga, ko te pana mō ngā whare whai hua-pūngao kei te akiaki i te hiahia mō ngā hua PVC pakari pēnei i ngā kōtaha matapihi me te whakamarumaru, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakapūmau Ba Zn hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga roa. I roto i te umanga motuka, ko ngā ture kounga hau kaha ake kei te tautoko i ngā hanganga Konutea Barium iti-kakara mō ngā wāhanga o roto. I te mea kei te haere tonu ēnei ia, ka noho tonu ngā Whakapūmau Konutea Barium hei poutokomanawa mō te tukatuka PVC, e hono ana i te āputa i waenga i te mahi, te haumaru, me te pumau.

Hei whakamutunga, he mea nui ngā Pūmau Konutea Pāriuma hei tāpiri i te whakamahinga whānui o te PVC pakari me te PVC ngāwari mā te aro atu ki te kore pumau o te wera o te polymer. Ko tā rātou mahi tahi o te pāriuma me te konutea e whakarato ana i te huinga taurite o te pupuri tae tuatahi me te pumau wera mo te wa roa, e pai ai mō ngā momo tono. Ahakoa he pūmau wai mō ngā hua PVC ngāwari pēnei i te whakamarumaru taura me te papa, he pūmau paura rānei mō ngā tono pakari pēnei i ngā paipa me ngā kōtaha matapihi, ka tukuna e ngā pūnaha pūmau Ba Zn he huarahi utu-whai hua, he pai ki te taiao hei whakakapi i ngā pūmau tuku iho. Mā te mārama ki tā rātou tikanga mahi, ngā āhua hua, me ngā whakaritenga tono-motuhake, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakamahi i ngā Pūmau Konutea Pāriuma hei whakaputa hua PVC kounga teitei e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā ahumahi me ngā ture hou.