Ko te whai huatanga o te whakaputa me te kounga o te kiriata whakaiti PVC ka whakatau tika i te kaha whakaputa o te umanga, ngā utu, me te whakataetae mākete. Ko te iti o te whai huatanga ka arahi ki te maumauria o te kaha me te whakaroa i ngā tuku, ko ngā hapa kounga (pēnei i te whakahekenga koretake me te māramatanga ngoikore) ka hua ake ngā amuamu a te kiritaki me ngā hokinga mai. Hei whakatutuki i te whakapainga takirua o te "paitanga teitei + kounga teitei," me whakapau kaha pūnaha puta noa i ngā taha matua e whā: te whakahaere rauemi mata, te arotau taputapu, te whakapai ake i te tukanga, te tirotiro kounga. Kei raro nei ngā otinga motuhake, ka taea te mahi:
Mana Pūtake: Kōwhiria ngā Rauemi Mata Tika hei Whakaiti i ngā "Mōrearea Mahi Anō" i Muri i te Whakaputa
Ko ngā rauemi mata te tūāpapa o te kounga, ā, he whakaritenga anō hoki mō te whai huatanga. Mēnā he iti, he kore rānei e ōrite ngā rauemi mata, ka maha ngā wā ka mutu te whakaputanga hei whakatikatika (hei tauira, te whakakore i ngā aukati, te whakahaere para), ka whakaiti tika i te whai huatanga. Kia arotahi ki ngā momo matua e toru o ngā rauemi mata:
1.Resin PVC: Whakatairangahia te "Parakore Teitei + Ngā Momo Motuhake mō te Taupānga"
• Te Whakataurite Tauira:Kōwhiria he kapia me te uara-K e tika ana i runga i te matotoru o te kiriata whakaiti. Mō ngā kiriata angiangi (0.01–0.03 mm, hei tauira, he takai kai), tīpakohia he kapia me te uara-K o te 55–60 (he pai te rere mō te ngāwari o te whakaputa). Mō ngā kiriata matotoru (0.05 mm+, hei tauira, he takai papa), whiriwhiria he kapia me te uara-K o te 60–65 (he kaha teitei me te ātete ki te haehae). Mā tēnei ka karohia te matotoru kiriata kāore i te ōrite i puta mai i te ngoikore o te rere o te kapia.
• Mana Whakahaere Parakore:Me tono ki ngā kaiwhakarato kia whakarato i ngā pūrongo parakore o te kapia, kia mōhio ai kei raro iho i te 1 ppm te ihirangi o te toenga o te vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) me te iti iho i te 0.1% te ihirangi o te poke (hei tauira, te puehu, ngā polymer iti-ngota). Ka taea e ngā poke te ārai i ngā makere extrusion me te hanga i ngā kōhao iti, ka hiahiatia he wā whakatārewatanga mō te horoi, ā, ka pā ki te whai huatanga.
2.Ngā Tāpiri: Arotahi ki te "Paipai Teitei, te Hototahi, me te Whakatutukitanga"
• Ngā Kaiwhakaū:Whakakapia ngā mea whakau tote mata kua tawhito (he paitini, he ngāwari hoki ki te kōwhai) kikonupūmā-konutea (Ca-Zn)ngā whakaū hiato. Ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa ēnei i ngā ture pēnei i te EU REACH me te Mahere Rima-Tau 14 o Haina, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te pumau o te wera. I ngā pāmahana whakaputanga o te 170–200°C, ka whakaitihia e rātou te pirau o te PVC (ka ārai i te kōwhai me te pakarukaru) me te whakaiti i ngā reiti para neke atu i te 30%. Mō ngā tauira Ca-Zn me ngā "whakahinuhinu kua hangaia," ka whakaitihia hoki e rātou te waku o te mate me te whakanui ake i te tere whakaputanga o te 10–15%.
• Ngā mea hanga kirihou:Whakatairangahia te DOTP (dioctyl terephthalate) i te DOP tuku iho (dioctyl phthalate). He pai ake te hototahi o te DOTP ki te kapia PVC, ka whakaiti i ngā "wai" i runga i te mata kiriata (ka karo i te piri o te roera me te whakapai ake i te mārama) me te whakarei ake i te ōritetanga o te mimiti (ka taea te whakahaere i te piki me te heke i roto i te ±3%).
• takai whakapaipai)• Ngā Tāpiri Mahi:Mō ngā kiriata e hiahia ana kia mārama (hei tauira, ngā takai whakapaipai), tāpirihia te 0.5–1 phr o te whakamārama (hei tauira, te konutai benzoate). Mō ngā kiriata mō te whakamahi i waho (hei tauira, ngā takai whakapaipai), ngā takai taputapu māra), tāpirihia te 0.3–0.5 phr o te mimiti UV hei ārai i te kōwhai wawe me te whakaiti i ngā para o ngā hua kua oti.
3.Ngā Rauemi Āwhina: Ārai i ngā "Ngaronga Huna"
• Whakamahia ngā mea whakarewa parakore teitei (hei tauira, te xylene) he iti iho te makuku i te 0.1%. Ka puta he mirumiru hau i te wā e whakaputa ana i te hau, ā, me wā whakatā te tango hau (10–15 meneti te moumou mō ia putanga).
• I te wā e hangarua ana i ngā tapa taha, kia mōhio kei raro iho i te 0.5% te nui o te paru i roto i ngā rauemi hangarua (ka taea te tātari mā te mata 100-mata) ā, kaua te ōwehenga o ngā rauemi hangarua e neke ake i te 20%. Ka whakaitihia te kaha me te mārama o te kiriata e te nui rawa o ngā rauemi hangarua.
Arotau Taputapu: Whakaitihia te "Wā Whakamutu" me te Whakapai ake i te "Tika Whakahaere"
Ko te uho o te whai huatanga o te whakaputa ko te "tere whakahaere whai hua o ngā taputapu". Me whakapai ake i te tiaki ārai me te aunoatanga hei whakaiti i te wā kore mahi, ā, ko te whakapai ake i te tika o ngā taputapu ka whakarite i te kounga.
1.Kaihoroi: Te Whakahaere Pāmahana Tika + Te Horoi Auau i ngā Mate Hei Ārai i ngā "Ārai me te Kōwhai"
• Whakahaere Pāmahana Wāhanga:I runga i ngā āhuatanga rewa o te kapia PVC, wehea te oko extruder kia 3–4 ngā rohe pāmahana: te rohe whāngai (140–160°C, kapia whakamahana), te rohe kōpeketanga (170–180°C, kapia rewa), te rohe ine (180–200°C, hei whakau i te rewa), me te pane mate (175–195°C, hei ārai i te wera nui me te pirau o te rohe). Whakamahia he pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana atamai (hei tauira, PLC + thermocouple) hei pupuri i te pikinga o te pāmahana i roto i te ±2°C. Ka puta te kōwhai o te PVC i te pāmahana nui rawa, engari ko te korenga o te pāmahana ka puta te rewa kore o te kapia me ngā hapa "kanohi ika" (me whai wā whakatā mō ngā whakatikatika).
• Te Horoi Mate Auau:Horoia ngā toenga rauemi waro (ngā hua pirau PVC) mai i te pane o te mate i ia 8–12 hāora (i te wā rānei e whakawhiti rauemi ana) mā te whakamahi i tētahi paraihe parahi motuhake (kia kore ai e rakuraku te ngutu o te mate). Mō ngā rohe mate o te mate, whakamahia he kaihoroi ultrasonic (30 meneti ia huringa). Ka puta he ira pango i runga i te kiriata nā te rauemi waro, ka hiahiatia he wehewehe ā-ringa i ngā para, ā, ka whakaiti i te pai o te mahi.
2.Pūnaha Whakamatao: Whakamatao ōrite hei whakarite i te "Papatahi o te Kiriata + Whakaiti ōrite"
• Te Whakarerekētanga o te Rōra Whakamatao:Whakatikatikahia te whakarara o ngā rōra whakamatao e toru ia marama mā te whakamahi i te taumata taiaho (te ātete <0.1 mm). I te wā kotahi, whakamahia he inemahana whero-whero hei aroturuki i te pāmahana o te mata rōra (e whakahaerehia ana i te 20–25°C, te rerekētanga pāmahana <1°C). Ko te pāmahana rōra kāore i te ōrite ka puta he tere whakamatao kiriata kāore i te ōrite, ka hua ake he rerekētanga whakaheke (hei tauira, 50% te whakaheke i tetahi taha me te 60% i tetahi taha) me te hiahia kia mahi anō i ngā hua kua oti.
• Arotautanga o te Mowhiti Hau:Mō te tukanga kiriata pupuhi (e whakamahia ana mō ētahi kiriata whakaiti angiangi), whakatikatikahia te ōritetanga o te hau o te mowhiti hau. Whakamahia he anemometer hei whakarite kia <0.5 m/s te rerekētanga tere o te hau i te ahunga porowhita o te putanga mowhiti hau. Ka whakararuraru te tere hau i te mirumiru kiriata, ka puta he "peketanga matotoru" me te whakanui ake i te para.
3.Te Whakamahi Anō i te Whakapiko me te Tapahi Tapa: Ka Whakaitihia e te Aunoatanga te "Wawaotanga Ā-ringa"
• Mīhini Hurihuri Aunoa:Huri ki tētahi mīhini hurihuri me te "mana whakahaere kume-katia". Whakatikatikahia te kume o te hurihuri i te wā tonu (whakatakotoria i runga i te matotoru o te kiriata: 5–8 N mō ngā kiriata angiangi, 10–15 N mō ngā kiriata matotoru) hei karo i te "whiringa wetekina" (me huri ā-ringa) me te "whiringa piri" (ka totoro te kiriata me te whakarerekē). Ka piki ake te pai o te hurihuri mā te 20%.
• Te Whakamahinga Para Tonu i te Papaanga:Tāutahia he "pūnaha whakauru kuru-whāngai taha" i te taha o te mīhini kuru. Kuruhia tonutia te taha taha (5–10 mm te whānui) i puta i te wā e kuru ana, ka whakahokia ki te pūwero extruder mā te paipa (i konatunatua ki te rauemi hou i te ōwehenga 1:4). Ka piki ake te tere hangarua taha taha mai i te 60% ki te 90%, ka whakaiti i te para rauemi mata, ka whakakore hoki i te ngaronga o te wā mai i te whakahaere para ā-ringa.
Te Whakamahinga Tukanga: Te Whakamahinga i te "Mana Tawhā" hei Ārai i ngā "Hapa Pūranga"
Ahakoa he iti noa ngā rerekētanga o ngā tawhā tukanga, ka rerekē pea te kounga o te hua, ahakoa he rite tonu ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi mata. Whakawhanakehia he "ripanga paearu tawhā" mō ngā tukanga matua e toru—te whakaputanga, te whakamatao, me te tapahi—me te aroturuki i ngā whakatikatika i te wā tonu.
1.Tukanga Whakaputa: Whakahaerehia te "Pēhanga Rewa + Tere Whakaputa"
• Pēhanga Rewa: Whakamahia he pūoko pēhanga hei aroturuki i te pēhanga rewa i te tomokanga o te mate (e whakahaeretia ana i te 15–25 MPa). Ka turuturu te mate ki te pēhanga nui rawa (30 MPa), ā, me wā whakatā te tiaki; ka hua ake te korenga o te pēhanga (10 MPa) i te korenga o te rere o te rewa me te matotoru o te kiriata kāore i te ōrite.
• Tere Whakaputa: Whakatakotoria i runga i te matotoru o te kiriata—20–25 m/min mō ngā kiriata angiangi (0.02 mm) me te 12–15 m/min mō ngā kiriata matotoru (0.05 mm). Āta karohia te "toro nui rawa o te kume" (te whakaiti i te kaha o te kiriata) i puta mai i te tere teitei, i te "mou kaha" rānei mai i te tere iti.
2.Tukanga Whakamatao: Whakatikatika i te "Wā Whakamatao + Mahana Hau"
• Wā Whakamatao: Whakahaerehia te wā noho o te kiriata i runga i ngā rōra whakamatao i te 0.5–1 hēkona (mā te whakarerekē i te tere kume) i muri i te whakaputanga mai i te mata. Ko te korenga o te wā noho (<0.3 hēkona) ka hua ake te whakamataotanga kāore i oti o te kiriata me te piri i te wā e takai ana; ko te roa rawa o te wā noho (>1.5 hēkona) ka puta he "ira wai" i runga i te mata o te kiriata (ka whakaiti i te māramatanga).
• Te Pāmahana o te Mowhiti Hau: Mō te tukanga pupuhi kiriata, whakatakotoria te pāmahana o te mowhiti hau ki te 5–10°C teitei ake i te pāmahana taiao (hei tauira, 30–35°C mō te taiao 25°C). Āraia te "whakamatao ohorere" (e puta ai te ahotea nui o roto me te ngawari o te haehae i te wā e whakaitihia ana) mai i te hau makariri e pupuhi tika ana ki runga i te mirumiru kiriata.
3.Tukanga Tapahi: "Tautuhinga Whānui + Whakahaere Taumahatanga" Tika
• Whānuitanga o te Tapahi: Whakamahia he pūnaha aratohu taha whatu hei whakahaere i te tika o te tapahi, kia mau ai te manawanui whānui <±0.5 mm (hei tauira, 499.5–500.5 mm mō te whānui e hiahiatia ana e te kiritaki he 500 mm). Āraia ngā whakahokinga mai a te kiritaki nā te rerekētanga o te whānui.
• Te Āhuatanga Tapatapahi: Whakarerekētia i runga i te matotoru o te kiriata—3–5 N mō ngā kiriata angiangi, me te 8–10 N mō ngā kiriata matotoru. Ka totoro, ka rerekē te āhua o te kiriata i te nui rawa o te āhuatanga (ka whakaiti i te tere whakaheke); ki te kore e tino āhuatanga ka wetekina ngā takai kiriata (ka pakaru pea i te wā e kawe ana).
Tirotiro Kounga: "Aroturuki Ipurangi Wā-tūturu + Manatoko Tauira Tuimotu" hei Whakakore i ngā "Kāore e Whakatutukihia ana i roto i te Puranga"
Ko te kitenga i ngā hapa kounga i te wāhanga hua kua oti anake ka arahi ki te para katoa (ka ngaro te whai huatanga me ngā utu). Whakatūria he "pūnaha tirotiro tukanga katoa":
1.Tirotiro Ipurangi: Te Aukati i ngā "Hapa Tonu" i te Wā Tūturu
• Tirotiro Matotoru:Tāutahia he ine matotoru taiaho i muri i te hurihuri whakamatao hei ine i te matotoru o te kiriata i ia 0.5 hēkona. Whakatakotoria he "paepae whakaoho rerekētanga" (hei tauira, ±0.002 mm). Mena ka hipa te paepae, ka whakarite aunoa te pūnaha i te tere whakaputa, i te āputa mate rānei kia kore ai e puta tonu ngā hua kāore e rite ana.
• Tirotiro Āhua:Whakamahia he pūnaha tirohanga mīhini hei matawai i te mata o te kiriata, hei tautuhi i ngā hapa pēnei i te "ira pango, ngā kōhao iti, me ngā miro" (te tika 0.1 mm). Ka tohu aunoa te pūnaha i ngā wāhi hapa me ngā whakaoho, ka taea ai e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakamutu wawe i te mahi (hei tauira, te horoi i te mate, te whakarite i te mowhiti hau) me te whakaiti i te para.
2.Tirotiro Tuimotu: Manatokohia te "Mahinga Matua"
Whakamātauria tētahi rōra kua oti i ia rua hāora, ka whakamātauria ngā tohu matua e toru:
• Tere Whakaiti:Tapahia ngā tauira 10 cm × 10 cm, whakamahanahia ki roto i te oumu 150°C mō te 30 hēkona, ka ine i te whakahekenga i te ahunga mīhini (MD) me te ahunga whakawhiti (TD). Me 50–70% te whakahekenga i roto i te MD me te 40–60% i roto i te TD. Whakatikatikahia te ōwehenga plasticizer, te pāmahana extrusion rānei mēnā he nui ake te rerekētanga i te ±5%.
• Māramatanga:Whakamātauria ki te mita kohu, me iti iho i te 5% te kohu (mō ngā kiriata mārama). Mena ka nui ake te kohu i te paerewa, tirohia te parakore o te kapia, te horapa rānei o te whakaū.
• Kaha Kume:Whakamātauria ki te mīhini whakamātautau kume, me te kaha kume roa ≥20 MPa me te kaha kume whakawhiti ≥18 MPa. Mena kāore i te rawaka te kaha, whakatikatikahia te uara-K o te kapia, tāpirihia rānei he antioxidants.
Te "Aroha Mahi Tahi" o te Whai Hua me te Kounga
Ko te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te hanga kiriata whakaheke PVC e aro ana ki te "whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me te para," e tutuki ana mā te urutau rauemi mata, te arotau taputapu, me te whakapai ake aunoa. Ko te whakarei ake i te kounga e aro ana ki te "whakahaere i ngā piki me te heke me te aukati i ngā hapa," e tautokona ana e te whakapai ake i te tukanga me te tirotiro tukanga katoa. Kāore ēnei e rua e whakahē ana: hei tauira, te whiriwhiri i te mea tino whai huaNgā mea whakaū Ca-Znka whakaiti i te pirau o te PVC (ka whakapai ake i te kounga) me te whakanui ake i te tere o te whakaputanga (ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga); ka āraihia e ngā pūnaha tirotiro ipurangi ngā hapa (ka whakarite i te kounga) me te karo i ngā para puranga (ka whakaiti i ngā ngaronga whai huatanga).
Me huri ngā umanga mai i te "arotautanga kotahi-ira" ki te "whakapai ake pūnaha", mā te whakauru i ngā rauemi mata, ngā taputapu, ngā tukanga, me ngā kaimahi ki roto i te porowhita kati. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga pēnei i te "20% teitei ake te kaha whakaputa, 30% iti iho te tere para, me te <1% te tere hokinga mai o ngā kiritaki," ka whakatū i tētahi painga whakataetae i roto i te mākete kiriata whakaiti PVC.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-05-2025