Ko te hiako horihori PVC (PVC-AL) tonu te rauemi matua i roto i ngā whare motuka, ngā whakapaipai, me ngā kakahu ahumahi nā te mea he taurite te utu, te ngāwari ki te tukatuka, me te whānuitanga o te ataahua. Heoi, kei te raru tana tukanga hanga i ngā wero hangarau ā-roto e ahu mai ana i ngā āhuatanga matū o te polymer—ngā wero e pā tika ana ki te mahi a te hua, te tutuki i ngā ture, me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
Te Whakahekenga Wera: He Arai Tukatuka Taketake
Ko te kore pumau o te PVC i ngā pāmahana tukatuka noa (160–200°C) te take matua. Ka pāngia te polymer e te tango-hauora (te whakakorenga HCl) mā te tauhohenga mekameka whaiaro-whakakorikori, ka hua ake i ngā take e toru:
• Te whakararuraru tukanga:Ka waikura te HCl i ngā taputapu whakarewa (ngā maramataka, ngā paninga paninga) ā, ka puta he waikura o te anga PVC, ka hua ake he hapa puranga pērā i te pupuhi o te mata, te matotoru koretake rānei.
• Te rerekētanga o te tae o te hua:Ko ngā raupapatanga polyene honohono i hangaia i te wā o te pirau ka puta te kōwhai, te parauri rānei, ā, kāore e tutuki i ngā paerewa ōrite tae pakari mō ngā tono teitei.
• Te ngaronga o ngā āhuatanga ā-mīhini:Ka ngoikore te whatunga pūmua i te tapahi mekameka, ka whakaiti i te kaha kume me te ātete haehae o te hiako kua oti te hanga tae atu ki te 30% i ngā wā tino kino.
Ngā Pēhanga Whakatutukitanga Taiao me ngā Ture
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Kei te aro nui haere te hanga PVC-AL tuku iho i raro i ngā ture ā-ao (hei tauira, ngā paerewa EU REACH, US EPA VOC):
• Ngā tukunga matū waro pūngāwerewere (VOC):Mā te whakahekenga wera me te whakauru i te whakarewa kirihou ka tukuna ngā VOC (hei tauira, ngā matū phthalate) e neke atu ana i ngā paepae tukunga.
• Ngā toenga konganuku taumaha:Ka waiho e ngā pūnaha whakaū tawhito (hei tauira, te mata, te cadmium) he tohu poke, ā, ka kore e whakaaetia ngā hua ki ngā tiwhikete tapanga taiao (hei tauira, OEKO-TEX® 100).
• Te āheinga ki te hangarua i te mutunga o te oranga:Ka pirau haere te PVC kāore i te pumau i te wā e hangarua ana e te miihini, ka puta he wai para paitini, ā, ka whakaitihia te kounga o ngā rauemi hangarua.
Te Pakari o te Pumau i raro i ngā Tikanga Ratonga
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Ahakoa i muri i te hanga, ka tere te koroheketanga o te PVC-AL kāore i pumau:
• Te pirau i puta mai i te UV:Ka puta te waikura-whakaahua i te hihi o te rā, ka pakaru ngā mekameka pūmua, ka pakarukaru hoki—he mea nui mō ngā whakapaipai waka, mō ngā whakapaipai o waho rānei.
• Te hekenga o te kirihou:Ki te kore he whakakaha matihiko e tautokona ana e te whakaū, ka mimiti haere ngā mea whakapūmau i te roanga o te wā, ka whakapakeke, ka ngatata hoki.
Te Mahi Whakaiti i te Pānga o ngā Whakapūmau PVC: Ngā Tikanga me te Uara
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Ka aro atu ngā whakaū PVC ki ēnei āhuatanga mamae mā te arotahi ki ngā ara pirau i te taumata ngota ngota, me ngā whakatakotoranga hou kua wehea ki ngā kāwai mahi:
▼ Ngā Whakapūmau Wera
Ka mahi ēnei hei kaiwhakangaro HCl me hei whakamutu mekameka:
• Ka whakakorea e rātou te HCl kua tukuna (mā te tauhohenga ki ngā hopi whakarewa, ki ngā ligand waro rānei) hei aukati i te autocatalysis, ka whakaroa ake i te pumau o te matapihi tukatuka mā te 20–40 meneti.
• Ka mau ngā kaiwhakaū-rua rauropi (hei tauira, ngā phenols kua āraihia) i ngā rauropi kore utu i puta i te wā o te pirau, ka tiaki i te pumau o te mekameka ngota me te ārai i te ngaro o te tae.
▼ Ngā Whakaū Mārama
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Ka whakauruhia ki ngā pūnaha wera, ka mimiti, ka marara rānei te pūngao UV:
• Ka hurihia e ngā mea mimiti UV (hei tauira, ngā benzophenone) te hihi UV hei wera kore kino, ā, ka hangaia anō e ngā mea whakaū mārama amine āraihia (HALS) ngā wāhanga polymer kua pakaru, ka whakaroa rua i te roa o te ora o te rauemi ki waho.
▼ Ngā Whakatakotoranga Ā-Taiao
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Ngā mea whakaū hiato konupūmā-konutea (Ca-Zn)kua whakakapia ngā momo konganuku taumaha, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ture me te pupuri tonu i te mahi. Ka whakaitihia hoki e rātou ngā tukunga VOC mā te 15–25% mā te whakaiti i te hekenga wera i te wā e tukatukahia ana.
Ngā Whakapūmau hei Otinga Tūāpapa
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Ehara i te mea he tāpiringa noa iho ngā whakaū PVC—he mea āwhina hoki mō te hanga PVC-AL whai hua. Mā te whakaiti i te hekenga wera, te whakarite kia tutuki i ngā ture, me te whakarei ake i te pakari, ka whakatauhia ngā hapa ā-roto o te polymer. Heoi anō, kāore e taea e rātou te whakatika i ngā wero katoa o te ahumahi: me haere tonu ngā whanaketanga i roto i ngā kirihou koiora me te hangarua matū kia tino rite ai te PVC-AL ki ngā whāinga ōhanga porowhita. Heoi, i tēnei wā, ko ngā pūnaha whakaū kua arotauhia te huarahi tino pakari hangarau me te whai hua ki te hiako horihori PVC kounga teitei, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 12-2025