Ngā whakaū PVChe tāpiringa e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i te pumau wera o te polyvinyl chloride (PVC) me ōna copolymers. Mō ngā kirihou PVC, ki te neke atu te pāmahana tukatuka i te 160℃, ka puta te pirau wera, ā, ka puta he hau HCl. Ki te kore e pehia, ka nui ake te kino o tēnei pirau wera, ka pā ki te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā kirihou PVC.
I kitea i roto i ngā rangahau mēnā he iti noa te tote mata, te hopi whakarewa, te phenol, te amine kakara, me ētahi atu poke kei roto i ngā kirihou PVC, kāore e pāngia tōna tukatuka me tōna whakamahinga, heoi, ka taea te whakaiti i tōna pirau wera ki tētahi taumata. Ka whakatairangahia e ēnei rangahau te whakatūnga me te whanaketanga tonu o ngā whakaū PVC.
Ko ngā mea whakaū PVC noa ko ngā mea whakaū organotin, ngā mea whakaū tote whakarewa, me ngā mea whakaū tote kore-waro. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mea whakaū organotin i roto i te hanga hua PVC nā te mea he mārama, he ātete pai ki te huarere, me te hototahi. Ko ngā mea whakaū tote whakarewa he tote konupūmā, he konutea, he tote barium rānei, ka taea te whakarato i te pumau wera pai ake. Ko ngā mea whakaū tote kore-waro pērā i te tribasic lead sulfate, te dibasic lead phosphite, me ētahi atu, he pumau wera roa, he pai hoki te ārai hiko. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi mea whakaū PVC e tika ana, me whakaaro koe ki ngā tikanga tono o ngā hua PVC me ngā āhuatanga pumau e hiahiatia ana. Ka pāngia te mahi a ngā hua PVC e ngā mea whakaū rerekē i te taha tinana me te taha matū, nō reira me tino tika te hanga me te whakamātautau kia pai ai te whakamahi i ngā mea whakaū. Ko te whakaurunga taipitopito me te whakataurite i ngā momo mea whakaū PVC e whai ake nei:
Whakapūmau Organotin:Ko ngā whakaū orotin ngā whakaū tino whai hua mō ngā hua PVC. Ko ō rātou matū he hua tauhohenga o ngā waikura orotin, o ngā pūhaumāota orotin rānei me ngā waikawa, ngā ester rānei e tika ana.
Kua wehea ngā whakaū o te okanaotini ki ngā mea kei roto te whanariki me ngā mea kāore he whanariki. He tino pai te pumau o ngā whakaū kei roto te whanariki, engari he raruraru kei roto i te reka me te tae whakawhiti e rite ana ki ētahi atu matū kei roto te whanariki. Ko ngā whakaū o te okanaotini kāore he whanariki he mea hanga i te waikawa maleic, i te haurua rānei o ngā esters waikawa maleic. He pai ki a rātoungā whakaū tine methylkāore i te tino whai huangā mea whakaū werame te pumau pai ake o te mārama.
Ko ngā whakaū o te organotin e whakamahia whānuitia ana ki ngā takai kai me ētahi atu hua PVC mārama pērā i ngā ngongo mārama.
Ngā Kaiwhakaū Ārahi:Ko ngā matū whakaū mata e whai ake nei ko: te stearate mata dibasic, te sulfate mata tribasic hydrated, te phthalate mata dibasic, me te phosphate mata dibasic.
Hei whakaū wera, kāore ngā matū mata e kino ki ngā āhuatanga hiko pai rawa atu o ngā rauemi PVC, te iti o te mimiti wai, me te ātete ki ngā huarere o waho. Heoi anō,ngā whakaū matahe ngoikoretanga pēnei i:
- He paitini kei roto;
- Te whakawhiti-parahanga, inā koa ki te whanariki;
- Te whakaputa i te pūhaumāota mata, ka puta ai ngā rārangi ki ngā hua kua oti;
- Te ōwehenga taumaha, ka hua ake he ōwehenga taumaha/rōrahi kāore i te tino pai.
- He maha ngā wā ka meinga ngā hua PVC kia mākū tonu nā te whakamahi i ngā whakau mata, ā, ka tere te memeha haere i muri i te wera roa.
Ahakoa ēnei ngoikoretanga, kei te whānui tonu te whakamahi i ngā whakaū mata. Mō te whakamahana hiko, ko ngā whakaū mata te mea e pai ake ana. Nā tōna pānga whānui, he maha ngā hua PVC ngāwari me te pakari ka hangaia pērā i ngā paparanga o waho o te taura, ngā papa mārō PVC mārama kore, ngā paipa mārō, ngā hiako horihori, me ngā werohanga.
Ngā mea whakaū tote whakarewa: Ngā mea whakaū tote whakarewa whakaranuhe kohinga o ngā momo matū, he mea hanga i runga i ngā tono me ngā kaiwhakamahi PVC motuhake. Kua whanake tēnei momo whakaū mai i te tāpiri o te barium succinate me te waikawa nikau cadmium anake ki te whakaranu ā-tinana o te hopi barium, te hopi cadmium, te hopi konutea, me te phosphite waro, me ngā antioxidants, ngā whakarewa, ngā whakaroa, ngā kirihou, ngā tae, ngā mimiti UV, ngā whakamārama, ngā kaiwhakahaere matotoru, ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, me ngā kakara horihori. Nō reira, he maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te pānga o te whakaū whakamutunga.
Kāore ngā mea whakaū whakarewa, pērā i te barium, te konupūmā, me te konupora e tiaki i te tae wawe o ngā rauemi PVC engari ka taea te whakarato i te ātete wera mō te wā roa. Ko te rauemi PVC kua whakaūtia pēnei ka tīmata ki te kōwhai/karaka, kātahi ka huri haere ki te parauri, ā, i te mutunga ki te mangu i muri i te wera tonu.
I whakamahia tuatahitia ngā whakaū cadmium me te konutea nā te mea he mārama, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te tae taketake o ngā hua PVC. Ko te pumau o te wera mō te wā roa e whakaratohia ana e ngā whakaū cadmium me te konutea he kino rawa atu i ērā e tukuna ana e te barium, e memeha haere ana me te iti, te kore rānei o te tohu.
Haunga te tauwehenga o te konganuku, ko te pānga o ngā whakapūmau tote konganuku e pā ana ki ō rātou matū tote, koinei ngā mea matua e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: te whakahinuhinu, te nekenekehanga, te māramatanga, te huringa tae o te tae, me te pumau wera o te PVC. Kei raro nei ētahi whakapūmau konganuku whakauru noa: 2-ethylcaproate, phenolate, benzoate, me te stearate.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā whakaū tote whakarewa i roto i ngā hua PVC ngohengohe me ngā hua PVC ngohengohe mārama pērā i te takai kai, ngā taonga hauora, me ngā takai rongoā.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-11-2023